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Tunnel of Eupalinos
The Tunnel of Eupalinos or Eupalinian aqueduct () is a tunnel of length in Samos, Greece, built in the 6th century BC to serve as an aqueduct. The tunnel is the second known tunnel in history which was excavated from both ends (, "having two openings"), and the first with a geometry-based approach in doing so.〔The oldest known tunnel, at which two teams advanced simultaneously was Siloam tunnel in Jerusalem, completed around 700 BC. It has been posited that it was dug by maintaining depths close enough to the surface of the solid karst that the diggers could hear loud banging from the surface guiding the two teams towards one another. 〕 Today it is a popular tourist attraction.
== Historical data ==
In the sixth century BCE, Samos was ruled by the famous tyrant Polycrates. During his reign, two groups working under the direction of the engineer Eupalinos from Megara dug a tunnel through Mount Kastro to build an aqueduct to supply the ancient capital of Samos (today called Pythagoreion) with fresh water. This was of utmost defensive importance, as the aqueduct ran underground it was not easily found by an enemy who could otherwise cut off the water supply. The Eupalinian aqueduct was used for a thousand years, as proved from archaeological findings. It was rediscovered in 1882-1884 and today is open to visitors.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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